Moisture as Rain and Dew
Moisture from other sources
Carbon based humus
Minerals

Natural fertility
This is derived from natural processes, making the soil a desirable place for aerobic soil organisms to thrive

Carbon
The main source of new carbon is air, and this requires photosynthesis.
Optimum photosynthesis requires the best balance between soil, minerals and non-mineral elements, humus, moisture and air, so one needs comprehensive soil tests that include laboratory and physical in-paddock tests.
Observation of plants that self-propagate and thrive hold the key for the main inhabitations of plant nutrition.

Shade, shelter and browse.
For good health, animals need a variety of amino acids, especially those which are essential minerals and sugars.

Sunlight and warmth is the most important farm input followed by rain.
Getting the balance right is vital.
Carbon is thirteen and a half times more important than nitrogen in plant nutrition, and can be managed via the right balance between what is taken up by roots and light absorbed by leaves.

Light uptake by leaves can be doubled as measured by a refractometer at low-light times of the year to balance uptake from the soil by roots.
The power of the Sun draws moisture up through the plant and relates to plant growth.
What we need to learn in many cases is how to manage all the elements and processesin the most farm-profitable way.
Making a profit is essential for any business, including those who work and live at farming.